ChemicalTrain

Devo

2005-03-19T18:53:00.000-08:00

Formed

Canute (i)

2005-03-17T03:50:00.000-08:00

Neither the place nor date of Canute's birth is known. As a youth he accompanied his father, Sweyn I Forkbeard, king of Denmark, on his invasion of England in 1013. Canute was left in charge of the fleet at Gainsborough, Lincolnshire,

Altona

2005-03-15T03:35:00.000-08:00

Northwest district of the city and Land (state) of Hamburg, northwestern Germany. It lies on cliffs above the right bank of the Elbe River. The name may have come originally from allzu-nah (“all too near”), which was the Hamburgers' designation for an inn that lay too close to their territory and was for long the only building. As a small fishing village called Altwasser, it fell

Atatürk, Kemal

2005-03-13T09:29:00.000-08:00

Mustafa Kemal then embarked upon the reform of his country, his goal being to bring it into the 20th century. His instrument was the Republican People's Party, formed on Aug. 9, 1923, to replace the defense-of-rights associations. His program was embodied in the party's “Six Arrows”: republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism (state-owned and state-operated industrialization

Floor Covering

2005-03-11T04:22:00.000-08:00

Material made from textiles, felts, resins, rubber, or other natural or man-made substances applied or fastened to, or laid upon, the level base surface of a room to provide comfort, durability, safety, and decoration. Such materials include both handmade and machine-made rugs and carpets and smooth-surfaced floor coverings. Although the words carpet and rug are frequently

Argentina, Industry

2005-03-09T04:35:00.000-08:00

Manufacturing, which accounts for one-fifth of the GDP and nearly one-sixth of the workforce, is the mainstay of the Argentine economy.

Industrial Medicine

2005-03-06T15:59:00.000-08:00

Historically, industrial medicine was limited to the treatment of injuries and diseases occurring to production workers while at work. Over the years this has changed, and everyone at

Kudu

2005-03-05T06:54:00.000-08:00

Any of certain handsome, slender antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla). The greater kudu (T. strepsiceros) lives in small groups in hilly bush country or open woods of eastern and southern Africa. It stands about 1.3 m (51 inches) at the shoulder. It has a fringe on the throat and a crest of hair on the neck and back, and

Korfanty, Wojciech

2005-03-03T07:11:00.000-08:00

The son of a miner, Korfanty became a journalist and a member of the secret nationalist society “Z,” which resisted Germany's attempt to Germanize

Maccarthy, Sir Desmond

2005-03-01T10:11:00.000-08:00

MacCarthy was associated with the Bloomsbury group. He began his career as a freelance journalist, quickly moving to editorial work

Cat

2005-02-26T21:44:00.000-08:00

Abbreviation of Computerized Axial Tomography, a radiologic diagnostic technique used in medicine. See tomography.

Greek Religion, The Classical period

2005-02-25T09:10:00.000-08:00

The Sophists, with their relentless probing of accepted values, continued the process. Little is known of the general

Beecher, Lyman

2005-02-23T03:21:00.000-08:00

A graduate of Yale in 1797, he held pastorates at Litchfield, Conn., and at Boston, during which he opposed rationalism, Catholicism, and the liquor traffic. Turning his attention to evangelizing the West, he became president of the newly founded Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati,

Africanus, Sextus Julius

2005-02-21T21:37:00.000-08:00

His life is not well documented, but evidence indicates that Africanus traveled considerably in Asia, Egypt, and Italy and later lived chiefly at Emmaus, in Palestine, where he served as prefect. He was named regional ambassador to Rome about 222, when he became a protégé of the emperor Severus

Metallic Fibre

2005-02-18T20:49:00.000-08:00

In textiles, synthetic fibre, known generically as metallic, including manufactured fibres composed of metal, metal-coated plastic, or of a core covered by metal (usually aluminum). Trademarked names include Chromeflex, Lurex, and Melora. Foil types are made with a metal foil that is coated with a plain or coloured plastic film and then cut into strips. Metallized types

Switzerland, World War II

2005-02-17T16:17:00.000-08:00

After World War II broke out, Switzerland mobilized 450,000 soldiers and 200,000 auxiliaries (out of a total population of 4,000,000). Thanks to the experience of the preceding war, the government compensated soldiers for lost wages. Another difference from World War I was the unity of the nation across barriers of language and class. The most difficult phase was summer 1940, after France had unexpectedly

Finland, The postwar period

2005-02-15T16:52:00.000-08:00

After the armistice in 1944 a coalition government was formed under the leadership of Juho Kusti Paasikivi. When conditions had been stabilized, Mannerheim resigned, and Paasikivi was elected president in his place in 1946. In 1956 the leader of the Agrarian Party, Urho Kekkonen, who acted as prime minister a number of times during the period 1950 to 1956, was elected president. He was reelected

Arnold, Matthew

2005-02-12T13:54:00.000-08:00

Lastly Arnold turned to religion, the constant preoccupation and true centre of his whole life, and wrote St. Paul and Protestantism (1870), Literature and Dogma (1873), God and the Bible (1875), and Last Essays on Church and Religion (1877). In these books, Arnold really founded Anglican “modernism.” Like all religious liberals, he came under fire from two sides: from the orthodox, who accused him

Zipper

2005-02-10T00:15:00.000-08:00

The idea of a slide fastener was exhibited by Whitcomb

Man Orchid

2005-02-09T05:14:00.000-08:00

The flower spike, about 10 to 45 cm (4 to 18 inches) tall, may bear up to 90 greenish or yellowish flowers, which have an unpleasant odour.

Arts, East Asian, The Tokugawa, or Edo, period

2005-02-06T23:43:00.000-08:00

At the death of the Momoyama leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1598, his five-year-old son, Hideyori, inherited nominal rule, but true power was held by Hideyoshi's counselors, among whom Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616) was the most prominent. Ieyasu assumed the title of shogun in 1603, and the de facto seat of government was moved from Kyoto to his headquarters in Edo (now Tokyo). Ieyasu completed his

Carleton, Mount

2005-02-04T11:02:00.000-08:00

Highest point (2,680 feet [817 m]) in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) of Canada, 70 miles (110 km) east of Edmundston, N.B., near Nictau and Nepisiguit lakes. Structurally it is a monadnock, or erosional remnant, rising above the 1,000-foot (305-metre) level of the surrounding highlands, which are an extension of the Appalachian region. The mountain, focus of a

Latin Literature, History

2005-02-02T21:01:00.000-08:00

Quintus Fabius Pictor wrote his pioneering history of Rome during the Second Punic War, using public and private records and writing in Greek. His immediate successors followed suit. Latin historical writing began with Cato's Origines. After him there were as many historiasters, or worthless historians, as the poetasters disdained by Cicero. The first great exception

Biencourt, Charles De, Baron De Saint-just

2005-02-01T23:02:00.000-08:00

In 1606 Biencourt sailed with his father, Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt, Baron de Saint-Just, to New France (Canada). In 1607 they abandoned their establishment and fort at Port Royal, Acadia, because of insufficient funds. Failing to obtain a Canadian fur-trade

China, The clerical staff

2005-01-30T23:55:00.000-08:00

The norms for the clerks were even lower, especially in local government. Some 300 clerks in a large prefecture or nearly 100 in a small one were placed under the supervision of a few officials. The clerks had numerous dealings with various other elements in the community, whereas the officials, being outsiders, rarely had direct contacts. Holding practically lifelong tenure

Piedmont

2005-01-28T13:00:00.000-08:00

In geology, landform created at the foot of a mountain (Italian: ai piede della montagne) or mountains by debris deposited by shifting streams. Such an alluvial region in a humid climate is known as a piedmont for the Piedmont district of Italy; in arid climates such a feature is called a bajada (q.v.).

Sublime Porte

2005-01-24T23:41:00.000-08:00

Also called Porte, the government of the Ottoman Empire. The name is a French translation of Turkish Bâbiâli (“High Gate,” or “Gate of the Eminent”). which was the official name of the gate giving access to the block of buildings in Constantinople, or Istanbul, that housed the principal state departments. Early in the history of the Ottoman Empire, the grand viziers became powerful, but only in

Dacko, David

2005-01-21T16:27:00.000-08:00

A former teacher, Dacko held ministerial posts under Barthélemy Boganda, who was prime minister of the autonomous Central African Republic. Claiming a family relationship, he succeeded

Liqueur

2005-01-20T22:49:00.000-08:00

The word liqueur is derived from the Latin liquefacere,

Wagner, Otto

2005-01-18T19:36:00.000-08:00

As a teacher, Wagner

Jacob, François

2005-01-15T04:10:00.000-08:00

Jacob received his M.D. degree (1947) and a doctorate in science (1954) from the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Science, respectively, in Paris. Most of the work of Jacob,

Condenser

2005-01-14T03:20:00.000-08:00

Device for reducing a gas or vapour to a liquid. Condensers are employed in power plants to condense exhaust steam from turbines and in refrigeration plants to condense refrigerant vapours, such as ammonia and fluorinated hydrocarbons. The petroleum and chemical industries employ condensers for the condensation of hydrocarbons and other chemical vapours.

Mckenna, Reginald

2005-01-12T11:28:00.000-08:00

In 1905, after serving for 10 years in the House of Commons, McKenna became financial secretary of the Treasury, and in 1907 he was

Farim

2005-01-09T09:25:00.000-08:00

Town, north central Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, on the Rio Cacheu. It is a market centre for the agricultural products of the interior; peanut (groundnut) cultivation, concentrated around the town, is mainly for export, and cattle are raised for domestic consumption in the northern savannas of the region. There are phosphate deposits near the town. Farim is connected

Zólkowski, Alojzy Fortunat

2005-01-08T13:30:00.000-08:00

Zólkowski was born into a noble family and served in the army during the revolt of 1794. He made his acting debut in Warsaw in 1798, toured the country for four years, and then joined the National Theatre (Teatr Narodowy), where he was admired

Houssay, Bernardo Alberto

2005-01-05T07:34:00.000-08:00

Working with dogs that had been rendered diabetic by excision of the pancreas (1924–37), Houssay found that removal

Gag Rule

2005-01-03T05:58:00.000-08:00

In U.S. history, any of a series of congressional resolutions that tabled, without discussion, petitions regarding slavery; passed by the House of Representatives between 1836 and 1840 and repealed in 1844. Abolition petitions, signed by more than 2,000,000 persons, had inundated Congress after the establishment of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1833). Gag rules, supported by proslavery congressmen,

Housecarl

2005-01-02T15:34:00.000-08:00

Canute's 3,000-man force, which remained in England after the invasion army had been sent home, does not represent

Middle Age

2004-12-31T05:40:00.000-08:00

Period of human adulthood that immediately precedes the onset of old age. Though the age period that defines middle age is somewhat arbitrary, differing greatly from person to person, it is generally defined as being between the ages of 40 and 60. The physiological and psychological changes experienced by a middle-aged person centre on the gradual decline of physical

Anjou, (hercule-) François, Duke (duc) D'

2004-12-28T04:08:00.000-08:00

Catherine de Médicis gave him Alençon in 1566, and he bore the title of Duke d'Alençon until 1576. Small and swarthy, ambitious

United Kingdom, Labour and taxation

2004-12-26T05:19:00.000-08:00

Government revenues are derived from several main sources, including income taxes, corporate taxes, taxes on the sale of goods and services, and national insurance contributions. After World War II the government adopted individual income tax rates that were among the highest in Europe. During the last two decades of the 20th century, individual income tax rates

Asante Empire

2004-12-24T15:03:00.000-08:00

In their struggle against the suzerain state of Denkyera and lesser neighbouring

Papagos, Alexandros

2004-12-22T01:41:00.000-08:00

Papagos, commissioned in 1906, saw his first service in the Balkan Wars (1912–13). He took part in the Greek invasion of Turkey (1919–22), won promotion to the rank of major general (1927), and became corps commander and minister of war (1935); the following year he was named chief of

Venericardia

2004-12-20T18:03:00.000-08:00

Genus of pelecypods (clams) abundant during the Eocene Epoch (the Eocene Epoch began 57.8 million years ago and ended 36.6 million years ago). The shell, composed of two halves (valves), is distinctive in form and generally large. Transverse ribs radiate from the apex of the valves and are broken by a series of concentric growth rings. Internally, the valves

Yamato Takeru

2004-12-19T10:30:00.000-08:00

The legendary son of the legendary 12th emperor Keiko, Yamato Takeru was supposedly responsible for expanding the territory of the Yamato court. His story appears in the chronicles Kojiki (completed in 712) and Nihon Shoki (“Japanese Chronicles”; completed in 720). In the stories, he subdued two uncouth Kumaso warriors

Computers, From Star Trek to Microsoft

2004-12-17T07:53:00.000-08:00

The first programs developed for the hobbyists' microcomputers were games. With the early machines limited in graphic capabilities, most of these were text-based adventure or role-playing games. However, there were a few graphical games, such as Star Trek, which were popular on mainframes and minicomputers and were converted to run on microcomputers. One company

Europe

2004-12-14T03:33:00.000-08:00

Second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma and Manych rivers, and the Caspian Sea. The

Bioherm

2004-12-12T01:19:00.000-08:00

Ancient organic reef of moundlike form built by a variety of marine invertebrates, including corals, echinoderms, gastropods, mollusks, and others; fossil calcareous algae are prominent in some bioherms. A structure built by similar organisms that is bedded but not moundlike is called a biostrome. Bioherms and biostromes occur in sedimentary rock strata of all

Mauna Loa

2004-12-11T21:32:00.000-08:00

Volcano, south-central Hawaii Island, Hawaii, U.S., and a part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (established as Hawaii National Park in 1916). One of the largest single mountain masses in the world, Mauna Loa (meaning “long mountain”) rises to 13,678 feet (4,169 m) above sea level. Its dome is 75 miles (120 km) long and 64 miles (103 km) wide, and its lava flows occupy more than 2,000 square miles (5,120 square km) of the island. Mokuaweoweo,

Bahadur Shah I

2004-12-09T18:04:00.000-08:00

As Prince Mu'azzam, the second son of the emperor Aurangzeb, he was prospective heir apparent after his elder brother defected to join their father's brother and rival, Shah Shuja'. Prince Mu'azzam was sent to represent his father in the Deccan Plateau region of south and central India in 1663. He led an army in 1683–84 against the

Pacific Mountain System, Recreation

2004-12-06T10:15:00.000-08:00

The Pacific mountain system is one of North America's great playgrounds. Large numbers of tourists and outdoors enthusiasts are attracted to the region's magnificent scenery and its varied, year-round recreational opportunities. More than a dozen national parks, monuments, and recreation areas are scattered throughout the ranges, as well as dozens of provincial,

Fa-hsiang

2004-12-04T02:55:00.000-08:00

School of Chinese Buddhism derived from the Indian Yogacara school. See Yogacara.

Wellingborough

2004-12-03T00:25:00.000-08:00

Town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, England, situated east of Northampton along the River Nene. Wellingborough grew as a market town in the Middle Ages. After a fire in 1738, it was rebuilt on its present hill site. Wellingborough School, founded in 1595, was endowed with revenues from a suppressed medieval guild. Wellingborough's

Connally, John Bowden, Jr.

2004-11-30T21:36:00.000-08:00

U.S. politician (b. Feb. 27, 1917, Floresville, Texas--d. June 15, 1993, Houston, Texas), was an ambitious political figure who, besides helping elect Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson, served as secretary of the navy in the Kennedy administration (1961), as a three-term governor of Texas (1963-69), and as secretary of the treasury (1971) under Pres. Richard M. Nixon; he was indelibly identified

Metallgesellschaft Ag

2004-11-28T22:48:00.000-08:00

Established in 1881 by Wilhelm Merton (1848–1916), the company originally confined its activities

Salchow, Ulrich

2004-11-26T20:52:00.000-08:00

Salchow was a generous competitor, and he acknowledged the talents of others. At the 1902 World Championships, Madge Syers finished second

Salchow, Ulrich

2004-11-24T09:08:00.000-08:00

International cooperative agency of Lutheran churches, organized at Lund, Swed., in 1947. It developed from the Lutheran World Convention, which held conventions in 1923, 1929, and 1935. The effectiveness of the Lutheran World Convention during the war years was hampered because it had no constitution or defined organization. At the Lund conference in 1947 the Lutheran World Convention

Barcelona, Climate

2004-11-22T18:28:00.000-08:00

Although Barcelona is sometimes windy, its protective semicircle of mountains shields it from the harsh, cold winds that blow out of the north and west. The average annual temperature is 61 °F (16 °C); January is the coldest month, averaging 49 °F (9 °C), and August is the hottest, at 76 °F (24 °C). Precipitation amounts to about 23 inches (600 mm) per year.

Swabian Alp

2004-11-20T15:11:00.000-08:00

German Swäbische Alb, continuation of the Jura Mountains in Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. The upland plateau extends approximately 100 miles (160 km) from the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) to the Wörnitz River at an average elevation of about 2,300 feet (700 m). The plateau rises in a steep northwestern scarp some 1,300 feet (400 m) above the valleys of the Neckar, Rems, and Fils rivers to its highest

Kochia

2004-11-19T07:09:00.000-08:00

Genus of annual plants, of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), native primarily to Eurasia. The commonly cultivated garden species is summer cypress (K. scoparia), sometimes known as standing, or Belvedere, cypress. The most widely grown variety is the red summer cypress, also called firebush or burning bush (K. scoparia trichophylla), an erect, often globe-shaped

Sennacherib

2004-11-16T11:42:00.000-08:00

Sennacherib's most enduring work was the rebuilding of Nineveh, his official residence as crown prince. On his accession he made it his capital, building a splendid new palace, Shanina-la-ishu (“Nonesuch”). Using prisoners of war for labour, he extended and beautified the city, laying out streets, restoring and extending public buildings, and erecting a great inner wall,

Auric, Georges

2004-11-15T07:41:00.000-08:00

Auric studied under Vincent d'Indy and Albert Roussel in Paris, and in 1920 the critic Henri Collet included him in “Les Six,” the group of young French composers under the informal patronage

Abel Tasman National Park

2004-11-13T14:25:00.000-08:00

Wildlife preserve in northwestern South Island, New Zealand. Established in 1942, it was named for Abel Tasman, the Dutch navigator. With an area of 55,699 acres (22,541 hectares), it extends inland for about 6 miles (10 km) from the beaches of Tasman Bay on its western shores between Separation Point and Marahau Inlet, about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Nelson. The park includes the Tata Islands in Golden

Andaman And Nicobar Islands, History

2004-11-11T00:47:00.000-08:00

The name Nicobar probably is derived from Nakkavaram (“Land of the Naked”). As with the Andamans, the Nicobars are located along a line of ancient trade routes. At various periods beginning in the 17th century, France, Denmark, Austria, and Great Britain all had obscure rights to the islands. In 1869 the Danes relinquished their claims to the British, who subsequently governed

Labour Economics, Theory of bargaining

2004-11-09T18:07:00.000-08:00

Limitations on the scope of bargaining are also suggested by theory. Collective bargaining can be seen as the reduction of two risks to which the worker is exposed through individual bargaining. There is first the risk that the worker will be merely one of a number of applicants for a single vacancy and that competition between them will force the pay down. Even as

Alain De Lille

2004-11-07T15:14:00.000-08:00

Alain studied and taught at Paris, lived for some time at Montpellier, and later joined the Cistercians in Cîteaux. As a theologian, he shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against Scholastic

Amud

2004-11-04T18:30:00.000-08:00

University of Tokyo expeditions to the site, led in 1961 and 1964 by Hisashi Suzuki, unearthed Neanderthal

Lent

2004-11-02T10:46:00.000-08:00

In the Christian church, a period of penitential preparation for Easter. In Western churches it begins on Ash Wednesday, 6 1/2 weeks before Easter, and provides for a 40-day fast (Sundays are excluded), in imitation of Jesus Christ's fasting in the wilderness. In Eastern churches Lent begins on the Monday of the seventh week before Easter and ends on the Friday that is 9 days before

China, The empire

2004-11-01T07:22:00.000-08:00

Shih huang-ti made a number of important reforms. He abolished the feudal system completely and extended

India, Assessment of Aurangzeb

2004-10-30T15:08:00.000-07:00

Aurangzeb possessed natural gifts of a high order. He had assiduously cultivated learning, self-knowledge, self-reverence, and self-control, and he exercised a curb over his tongue and temper. He was extremely industrious, methodical, and disciplined in habits and thoughts, and his private life was virtuous. However, his narrow religious bigotry made him ill-suited

Mckenna, Joseph

2004-10-28T03:26:00.000-07:00

McKenna grew up in California and was admitted to the state bar in 1865. A Republican, he served as Solano county district attorney (1866–70) and in the California state legislature (1875–76). Despite the prevailing anti-Roman Catholic sentiments that contributed to two defeats at the polls, McKenna was elected in

Burgess Shale

2004-10-26T01:05:00.000-07:00

Fossil formation containing remarkably detailed traces of soft-bodied biota of the Middle Cambrian Epoch (520 to 512 million years ago). Collected from a fossil bed in the Burgess Pass of the Canadian Rockies, the Burgess Shale is one of the best preserved and most important fossil formations in the world. Since it was discovered in 1909, over 60,000 specimens have been retrieved from

Warthog

2004-10-24T01:27:00.000-07:00

(Phacochoerus aethiopicus), member of the pig family, Suidae (order Artiodactyla), found in open and lightly forested areas of Africa. The warthog is a sparsely haired, large-headed, blackish or brown animal standing about 76 centimetres (30 inches) at the shoulder. It has a coarse mane extending from the neck to the middle of the back, and it has a long,

Strachey, John

2004-10-21T08:23:00.000-07:00

Early geologist who was the first to suggest the theory of stratified rock formations. He wrote Observations on the Different Strata of Earths and Minerals (1727) and stated that there was a relation between surface features and the rock structure, an idea that was not commonly accepted until a century later.

'awali

2004-10-19T17:12:00.000-07:00

Municipality in the state and emirate of Bahrain, on central Bahrain island, in the Persian Gulf. Founded in the 1930s by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), it is situated just north of Bahrain's oil fields and southwest of the country's oil refinery, one of the largest in the world. The municipality was built to house the main offices, headquarters staff, and foreign executives

Arts, Islamic, Architecture

2004-10-18T09:45:00.000-07:00

The Mamluks created a monumental setting for Syria and Egypt that lasted until the 20th century. It was at its most remarkable in architecture, and nearly 3,000 major monuments have been preserved or are known from texts in cities from the Euphrates to Cairo. No new architectural types came into being, although many more urban commercial buildings and private houses have

Saint Andrews, University Of

2004-10-14T19:58:00.000-07:00

Oldest university in Scotland, founded in 1411, located in Fife region. The university buildings, many of which date from the Middle Ages, include St. Salvator's College (1450), St. Leonard's College (1512), and the University Library, refounded by James VI in 1612. A third college, St. Mary's (1537), has been limited (since 1579) to the teaching of theology. In 1747 St. Salvator's and St. Leonard's were merged. Among the famous

Afghanistan, Habibollah Khan (190119)

2004-10-12T13:48:00.000-07:00

Habibollah Khan visited British

Animal Learning, Habituation

2004-10-09T10:46:00.000-07:00

A classic example of habituation is the following observation on the snail Helix albolabris. If the snail is moving along a wooden surface, it will immediately withdraw into its shell if the experimenter taps on the surface. It emerges after a pause, only to withdraw again if the tap is repeated. But continued repetition of the same tapping at regular intervals elicits

Eliot, John

2004-10-08T04:11:00.000-07:00

Eliot graduated from Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1622 and emigrated to Boston in 1631. From 1632 to his death he was pastor of the church at nearby Roxbury.

Adamsite

2004-10-05T23:54:00.000-07:00

In chemical warfare, sneeze gas developed by the United States and used during World War I. Adamsite is an arsenical diphenylaminechlorarsine and an odourless crystalline organic compound employed in vaporous form as a lung irritant. It appears as a yellow smoke that irritates eyes, lungs, and mucous membranes and causes sneezing, vomiting, and acute discomfort

Wythe, George

2004-10-03T14:16:00.000-07:00

Admitted to the bar in 1746, Wythe was a member

Babel, Tower Of

2004-10-01T05:07:00.000-07:00

In biblical literature, structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia) some time after the Deluge. The story of its construction, given in Genesis 11:1–9, appears to be an attempt to explain the existence of diverse human languages. According to Genesis, the Babylonians wanted to make a name for themselves by building a mighty city and a tower “with its top in the heavens.” God

Rancé, Armand-jean Le Bouthillier De

2004-09-29T13:48:00.000-07:00

Of noble birth, Rancé became commendatory

Fusulinella

2004-09-28T21:10:00.000-07:00

Genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (protozoans with a shell) found as fossils in Late Carboniferous marine rocks (those formed between 320 and 286 million years ago). Because of its narrow time range and wide geographic distribution, Fusulinella is an excellent guide fossil for Late Carboniferous rocks and time.

Kido Takayoshi

2004-09-25T20:33:00.000-07:00

Born into an influential warrior family, Kido early became active in the politics

Anisometric Verse

2004-09-23T17:49:00.000-07:00

Poetic verse that does not have equal or corresponding poetic metres. An anisometric stanza is composed of lines of unequal metrical length, as in William Wordsworth's “Ode: Intimations of Immortality,” which beginsThere was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,The earth, and every common sight,To me did seemAppareled in celestial light,The glory and the freshness

Afonso Ii

2004-09-21T04:16:00.000-07:00

Afonso II was the son of King Sancho I and Queen Dulcia, daughter of Ramón Berenguer IV of Barcelona. His obesity seems to have been caused by illness in his youth, and he was unable to lead his forces. However, they distinguished themselves in the

Bear Market

2004-09-19T11:47:00.000-07:00

In securities and commodities trading, a declining market. A bear is an investor who expects prices to decline and, on this assumption, sells a borrowed security or commodity in the hope of buying it back later at a lower price, a speculative transaction called selling short. The term bear may derive from the proverb about “selling the bearskin before one has caught

Frederick Augustus Ii

2004-09-17T08:42:00.000-07:00

Frederick Augustus shared the regency with his uncle, King Anton, from 1830 to 1836, when he succeeded to the throne. The constitution of 1831, granting a measure of representative

Briand, Aristide

2004-09-15T22:51:00.000-07:00

As a law student, Briand became associated with left-wing causes,

Horse Racing

2004-09-11T19:45:00.000-07:00

The ownership of racetracks ranges from complete state control, in which case the national government may own the tracks and horses and employ trainers, jockeys, grooms, and other necessary personnel, to complete private enterprise, as in most of the United States (where tracks are privately owned and operated for profit, as are the horses, and trainers and jockeys

Trachea

2004-09-07T21:14:00.000-07:00

In vertebrates and invertebrates, a tube or system of tubes that carries air. In insects, a few land arachnids, and myriapods, the trachea is an elaborate system of small, branching tubes that carry oxygen to individual body cells; in most land vertebrates, the trachea is the windpipe, which conveys air from the larynx to the two main

Adding Machine

2004-09-06T02:45:00.000-07:00

A type of calculator (q.v.) used for performing simple arithmetical operations.

Antiarch

2004-09-03T20:03:00.000-07:00

Any of an order of extinct, mainly freshwater, jawed fishes, class Placodermi, abundant during Middle and Late Devonian times (387 to 360 million years ago). Members of such genera as Bothriolepis and Pterichthys were representative. Antiarchs were small and weak-jawed and had closely set eyes on top of the head. Armour shields covered the front part of the body, and armoured,

Ibn Al-haytham

2004-09-01T22:31:00.000-07:00

Latinized as Alhazen, in full, Abu 'Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions to the principles of optics and the use of scientific experiments.

Ringling Brothers

2004-08-30T00:58:00.000-07:00

The sons of August Rüngeling, a German-born harness maker, Charles, Albert, Otto,

Paraguay River

2004-08-28T08:45:00.000-07:00

The source and upper course of the Paraguay River are in Brazil, where it demarcates

Teagarden, Jack

2004-08-26T15:42:00.000-07:00

Beginning on trombone at age seven, Teagarden was entirely self-taught. After drifting across the Southwest, he eventually arrived in New York City in 1927 and made his recording debut; from that moment he was the acknowledged

Hardouin, Jean

2004-08-25T01:11:00.000-07:00

Hardouin entered the Society of Jesus in 1666 and was professor of positive theology in the Jesuit Collège Louis-le-Grand at Paris (1683–1718) when he published his first works, editions of the classical writers

ChemicalTrain

Devo

Canute (i)

Altona

Atatürk, Kemal

Floor Covering

Argentina, Industry

Industrial Medicine

Kudu

Korfanty, Wojciech

Maccarthy, Sir Desmond

Cat

Greek Religion, The Classical period

Beecher, Lyman

Africanus, Sextus Julius

Metallic Fibre

Switzerland, World War II

Finland, The postwar period

Arnold, Matthew

Zipper

Man Orchid

Arts, East Asian, The Tokugawa, or Edo, period

Carleton, Mount

Latin Literature, History

Biencourt, Charles De, Baron De Saint-just

China, The clerical staff

Piedmont

Sublime Porte

Dacko, David

Liqueur

Wagner, Otto

Jacob, François

Condenser

Mckenna, Reginald

Farim

Zólkowski, Alojzy Fortunat

Houssay, Bernardo Alberto

Gag Rule

Housecarl

Middle Age

Anjou, (hercule-) François, Duke (duc) D'

United Kingdom, Labour and taxation

Asante Empire

Papagos, Alexandros

Venericardia

Yamato Takeru

Computers, From Star Trek to Microsoft

Europe

Bioherm

Mauna Loa

Bahadur Shah I

Pacific Mountain System, Recreation

Fa-hsiang

Wellingborough

Connally, John Bowden, Jr.

Metallgesellschaft Ag

Salchow, Ulrich

Salchow, Ulrich

Barcelona, Climate

Swabian Alp

Kochia

Sennacherib

Auric, Georges

Abel Tasman National Park

Andaman And Nicobar Islands, History

Labour Economics, Theory of bargaining

Alain De Lille

Amud

Lent

China, The empire

India, Assessment of Aurangzeb

Mckenna, Joseph

Burgess Shale

Warthog

Strachey, John

'awali

Arts, Islamic, Architecture

Saint Andrews, University Of

Afghanistan, Habibollah Khan (190119)

Animal Learning, Habituation

Afghanistan, Habibollah Khan (190119)